Javed Hashmi, one of the stalwarts of Multani politics and the most visible Seraiki member of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz, was deciding late on Friday night whether to jump ship and join the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf bandwagon, sources told The Express Tribune.
Even though he has recently been sidelined by the PML-N leadership, Hashmi’s possible departure would come as a major blow to the PML-N, which has been struggling in South Punjab and would need Hashmi’s support in the region. Hashmi’s defection would also likely cost the party 12 members of the National Assembly and at least eight members of the Punjab Assembly, claimed sources close to the PTI
Abstract: Generally speaking, Pakistanis and Indians, Pakistan and India are different in: genetics, overall genetic composition, religion, culture, rituals, linguistics, diet, ethnicity, governance, pre-history, civilization, race, complexion, geography, topography, philosophy, script, cuisine, music, entertainment, perception, soico-politics and economies.
CIVILIZATION
South Asia is made up of many regions, cultures, languages, nations and civilizations. Since rivers can sustain clusters of large populations, early man formed the first civilizations around rivers. Examples include: Huang He (Yangtze River), Mesapotamia (Euphrates/Tigris) , Egypt (River Nile) and IVC (Indus River). Modern Pakistanis take immense pride in the fact they are descendants of the civilization that formed around the River Indus. The Indus river flows entirely through modern-day Pakistan, Kashmir and Tibet. The Indus Valley Civilization was located primarily (95%) in modern day Pakistan. The Indus binds together the 6 regions of Pakistan: Baluchistan, Sindh, Punjab, Kashmir, Khyber-P, Gilgit-Baltistan.
PEOPLE OF THE INDUS RIVER – PAKISTAN (Baluchistan, Punjab, KP, Kashmir, Sindh). The Indus basically mimics the shape of modern day Pakistan.
Indus City of Moenjo-Daro proudly displayed on Pakistani Currency.
Ruins of IVC in modern day Pakistan
On the other hand, the Gangetic civilization of India is formed around the Ganges river which flows away from the Indus and terminates in the Bengal delta. It is entirely in India and Bengal. Note the divergent paths below of the two rivers:
Indus – A river in Pakistan
Gangetic Civilization in Modern “India”
PRE-HISTORY
India and Pakistan have been under ‘unified’ rule for only 500 out of 10,000 years and that too under mostly Islamic or Buddhist rule. Whether as Muslim, Vedic, Buddhist or Hindu, Pakistan or the people of Indus were rarely part of “Indian” civilization. Mehrgarh one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE) sites in archaeology, lies on the “Kachi plain” of Balochistan, Pakistan. Baluchistan has hardly been part of “India”. This civilization is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in not only South Asia but the whole world.
RACE
While the racial features of each ethnic group are not uniform, Pashtuns are the most Caucasoid, followed by Kashmiris, Baluchis, north Punjabis, and then Sindhis, Seraikis, Urdu-speakers. The Australoid-Negroid and Mongoloid racial elements are quite infused within the dominant Caucasoid genes among Pakistanis, however there are some that have retained their distinct racial characteristics. The Australoid-Dravidoid racial element dominates among the lower caste Indians, South Indians, Eastern and Central Indians. The Caucasoid racial element dominates in Northwest Indians and higher caste Indians. The Mongoloid racial element dominates in Northeast Indians and border regions with China.
Indian are majority Proto-Australoids, Australoid-Negroid, Dravidians
35 Million Pakistanis are Pushtun – Biggest Pushtun Population in the World. As you can see this ordinary man in Karachi streets looks nothing like the Indians above.
India hosts the world’s largest population of Proto-Australoids. The Austrics of India represent a race of medium height, dark complexion with long heads and rather flat noses. Miscegenation with the earlier Negroids may be the reason for the dark or black pigmentation of the skin and flat noses. The Austrics laid the foundation of Indian civilization. They cultivated rice and vegetables and made sugar from sugarcane. Now these people are found primarily in three countries: India, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Their languages have survived only in the Central and Eastern India.
Australoid/Negroids in India, Australia and Papua New Guinea.
ETHNICITY
A significant portion of Pakistani population is Afghan/Pashtun and Irani/Baluchistanis. The Pashtun are an integral part of Pakistan’s establishment. It can be said there are two Pashtun countries in the world, Afghanistan and Pakistan. This ethnic group has contributed many of Pakistan’s presidents & prime ministers (Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zafarullah Khan, Liaqat Ali Khan, Feroz Khan). There are more Pashtuns in Pakistan than Afghanistan and more in Karachi than Kabul. There are 15 Million Pushtun Speakers in Afghanistan and 25 Million in Pakistan! India does not have Pushtun speakers. Interestingly, this group has also inflicted defeat after defeat on what is now republic of India and can never be considered “Indian”. People of Iranian ancestry have that have taken leadership positions include Benazir Bhutto and the current prime minister Gilani who visited his ancestral homes on a trip to Iran. Arabs settled along the Indus and Omanis settled in the enclave of Gwadar. Still other Pakistanis are descendants of Mongols, Mughals and Turks in addition to Persians, Sakas, Parthians, Hephthalites and Greeks.
Pakistani Ethnicities; Another pull towards the Oxus and Central Asia
LINGUISTICS
Pakistanis speaks exclusively Indo-Iranian or Indo-Aryan languages whereas much of India speaks Proto-Australoid languages. Balgir (2004) designates the following Indian tribes as Proto-Australoid racial group: Bhumiz, Gadaba, Juang, Kharia, Koda, Kolha, Mahali, Mirdha, Munda, Santal, Saora tribes. Australoid racial stock is represented by: Gond, Kondh, Kissan, Oraon, Paraja, Pentia, Halva. These Australoid tribes don’t exist in Pakistan proper. Urdu uses the persian-based script. Hindi uses Devangari script.
The research by Kashyap (2006) designates 23 out of 54 Indian populations studied as Australoid, of which 1 speaks an Indo-European language (Dhangar of Maharashtra), 4 speak Austro-Asiatic languages (Kurmi of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar Kurmi of Bihar, and Juangand Saora of Orissa), 18 speak Dravidian languages. 7 populations were designated as Mongoloid, and the remaining 24 as Caucasoid.
About 99% of languages spoken in Pakistan are either Indo-Aryan or Indo-Iranian (sub-branches 75% Indo-Aryan 24% Iranian). All languages of Pakistan are written in the Persio-Arabic script, with significant vocabulary derived from Punjabi, Seraiki, Sindhi, Pashto, Urdu, Balochi, Kashmiri which are the languages of Pakistan.
Indian languages, 69% of languages spoken in India are Indo-Aryan, 26% are Dravidian, and 5% are Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asiatic, All unrelated/distinct family of languages. Most languages in India are written in Brahmi- derived scripts such as Devangari, Gurmukhi, Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Assamese, Punjabi, Naga, and many others are the mother-tongue languages spoken in each of India’s states.
Pakistanis mainly speak Indo-Iranic languages. Indo-Iranic languages include Balochi, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Punjabi, Undri (Urdu) and Pashto are Indo-Iranic languages as are all the other languages of Pakistan which descend from a common proto-Indo-Iranic language around the second millennia BC. Only Brahui (Dravidian), Baltistani (Sino-Tibetian), and Burusho (language isolate) are non-Indo-Iranic, however it’s speakers are not that geneticly distinct form the rest of Pakistanis. Punjabi is the majority language of Pakistan. Punjabi is 2% of India. In the case of Urdu/Hindi, while Hindi is the mother- tongue of a majority in India, Urdu is the mother-tongue of a minority 8% Pakistanis.
The Pakistani population consists of mostly Indo-Aryans. 70% of Pakistanis are Caucasoid by race, 20% Australoid- Negroid, and 10% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition. 50% of Indians are Australoid-Negroid by race, 35% Caucasoid, and 15% Mongoloid in their overall genetic composition.
Pakistanis carry common R1A genetic markers clearly indicating obvious common ancestry. Mostly the north western Iranic speakers and the Dardic speakers are said to be closely related with a higher frequency of R1A genetic markers as opposed to the Indo-Aryan speaking population with slightly lower R1A frequencies (mainly Punjabis and Sindhis), however they are still all connected. Even the non-Indo-European speaking populations – mainly the Brahuis, Hunzas (also called Burushos) and Baltistanis- do not stand much out genetically. See genetic difference below between Indians (Hindi, Marwari, Gujrati, Marathi, Kannada, Konkani) and Pakistanis (Balochi, Brahui,Makrani, Sindhi, Pathan, Kashmiri, Punjabi). Genetically, Pakistanis are closer to Bedouin than they are to Marathis. Click on the images below to see difference in genetics between Pakistanis and Indians:
Genetic Disposition of Central and South Asians. India in Green, Pakistani in Blue and Iran and Central Asia in Orange.
J variance in Iran, Pakistan, India, Turkey, and the Balkans Quintana-Murci et al. reported that the STR variance in haplogroup J is .57 in Iran, .47 in Pakistan, .36 in India. For this particular variance, Pakistan is closer to Iran than India or rather in the middle. On the same loci, the STR variance derived from the Balkan data of Bosch et al. is 0.55.
The Genetic Difference
At K=7, a Southwest Asian component emerges which is highest in Arabia and East Africa. Another interesting aspect of its distribution is its presence in Pakistan but not India. Perhaps, in this case, it reflects historical contacts between the Islamic Near East and parts of South Asia. Indians have a 1.8 NE/NW ratio. In Pakistan this is 6.5, in Uzbeks it is 2.9, and in the North Eurasian_Ra it is 14.2.
Genetic Map. Note Pakistani Category versus Indian Quadrant – Gujratis, Sri Lankans, Brahmins. Pakistan is close to Central Asia at grid point 0,0.
Notice Pakistani ethnic groups versus Indian ethnic groups
RELIGION
It is important to note that Sub-continent Muslims and Sub-Continent Hindus are two distinct civilizations. Islam reached Pakistan, Bengal & India within decades of its inception in the 7th century through arab traders. In 1937 at the 19th session of the Hindu Mahasabha held at Ahmedabad, Veer Savarkar in his presidential address asserted: “India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation, but on the contrary there are two nations in the main — the Hindus and the Muslims.” Another Hindu, Bhai Parmanand points out in his pamphlet called “The Hindu National Movement”:—“In history the Hindus revere the memory of Prithvi Raj, Partap, Shivaji and, Beragi Bir, who fought for the honour and freedom of this land (against the Muslims), while the Mahomedans look upon the invaders of India, like Muhammad Bin Qasim and rulers like Aurangzeb as their national heroes”
In the religious field, the Hindus draw their inspiration from the Ramayan, the Mahabharat, and the Geeta. The Musalmans, on the other hand, derive their inspiration from the Quran and the Hadith. Thus, the things that divide are far more vital than the things which unite. In depending upon certain common features of Hindu and Mahomedan social life, in relying upon common language, common race and common country, the Indian is mistaking what is accidental and superficial for what is essential and fundamental Muslims and Hindus have different diet. Hindus revere the cow, Muslims butcher them for their meat and hide. In Hinduism, society is highly stratified. In Islam, “untouchables” converts are welcomed as equal brothers. In much of India, Muslims live in what are called “Muslim areas” a euphemism for ghettos. As noted by Bhai Parmanand, Heroes of Muslims are scoundrels s to Hindus (Augranzeb, Babur, Afzal Khan, Ghazni, Ghauri). Heroes of Hindus are scoundrels to Muslims (Shivaji, Sambajhi). The two differ in perceptions. Hindus see Muslims as disloyal progeny of half-breeds, forced-converts, former untouchables or foreign invaders. Muslims see themselves as Central Asians or Inspired Converts and former masters of western, central & southern asia. Although Pakistanis are proud of ancient civilizations such as the Indus and their South Asian heritage, Pakistanis the people consider Pakistan the state as a natural extension of the Southwest Asian Muslim experience of the last 1000 years. Muslims in South Asia have many cultural similarities and by extension dissimilarities from Hindus. Many Indian Muslims though certainly not all may have appearances of Central Asians & Arabs especially in urban locations.
97% of PAKISTAN is ISLAMIC.
81% of INDIA or 972 million are HINDU.
GEOGRAPHY
The republic of India is in its entirety located in South Asia. Pakistani is situated at a pivotal geo-strategic, cross-civilizational location. It sits at the intersection of multiple civilizations. Pakistan is considered to be part of the Central Asia by UN. The country is considered to be part of the greater middle east. It is also part of South Asia. Pakistan is considered to be part of Central Asia both geographically and culturally. India is not. Central Asia consists of the following nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the following “territories”: Afghanistan, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia. Pakistan has several central asian “cultural capitals” like Peshawar. India does not. Pakistan is similar to Turkey in Eurasia. It is part of multiple strategic locations to the Central Asian STAN countries. India is not. Wakhan Corridor: In Afghanistan, with Tajikistan to the north, Pakistan to the south and China to the east, Khyber Pass: Between Afghanistan and the Pakistan Khunjerab Pass: Between Pakistan and China.
United Nations Designation of Middle & Greater Middle East
Pakistan is part of the “Greater Middle East”. India is not. In the UN map, Dark green in this map is “Middle East”. The G8 considers Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Algeria, Morrocco, Tunisia to be part of the “Greater Middle East”. Armenia, Azerbaijan and the former soviet republics are considered “the greater middle east” sometimes.
TOPOGRAPHY
Topography of the Indus and the Indian region has historically separated the two countries. Pakistan occupies the western region of the subcontinent and is based around the Indus Valley. It is separated from India proper by a historically impassable desert and by swamps in the south, leaving only northern Punjab, in the central part of the country, as a point of contact. A small portion of Punjab was partitioned to India. Pakistan is the major modern-day remnant of Muslim rule over medieval India. On the other hand, Historic Pakistan has been easily accessible to Afghanistan & Iran. Everyday thousands of Pakistanis and Afghans cross the border to visit their relatives.
Inhospitable Terrain between Historic Regions. Mangroves in the south, Desert in the middle, Karokaram in the north. Only Northern Punjab is easily accessible with the rest of partitioned Punjab. The northwestern provinces of british india have in common the Indus River.
To truly appreciate the inhospitable terrain on most of the Indo/Pak border a, satellite image at night demonstrates the absence of civilization right in middle of one of the most populated regions of the world.. See Bracket Below. It also shows Pakistan’s civilization nestle the Indus like it has for thousands of years.
FOREIGN RELATIONS
As independent nations, Pakistan and India have gone separately in their foreign relations.
In the Near, India, despite its pacifist pretensions, attacked and invaded the Portugese Colony of Goa. Conversely, Pakistan negotiated and purchased the Omani Colony of Gwadar. Pakistan negotiated an agreement with China on border territories, Conversely, India attempted the provocative forward policy. Pakistan is has an exemplary friendship with China and considers its friendship “higher than mountains deeper than oceans”. Conversely, India has had a war with China and considers it to be her #1 enemy. Pakistan supported and fought alongside of the Afghans against the Soviets. India was a staunch ally of the Soviets. Pakistan has not been war with any neighbor except India. India has been at war or conflict with Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka and has poor relations with Nepal, Bangladesh.
In the near-far, Pakistan has brotherly relations with a majority of the Islamic World and is a founding member of OIC (Organization of Islamic Countries). India does not enjoy the support of Muslim countries on the critical issue of Kashmir and is not allowed in the OIC even as a guest.
In the far, Pakistan has a history of friendship with USA. India has always been in the Soviet/Russian camp. Pakistan does not recognize Israel. Israel is an important strategic partner of India.
CULTURE
This map shows the long-standing cultural centers and frontiers of South Asia. Pakistani territory is distinct from Indian territory and India has many cultural centers or nations within.a
The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the main cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkey’s position in Eurasia.[1] There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west.
CUISINE
Pakistani cuisine relies heavily on meat, especially red meat. Indian food relies more on vegetable dishes as the cow is revered. Indians use more mustard seeds, curry leaves, and hinge. Hinge is disliked in Pakistan for its strong smell. Pakistan’s specializations are haleem, balti, beef nihari, chappli kabab, other shared dishes like biriani and pullao are also originally from Central Asia.
Cuisine is regional not national. The foods of the various Northern Pakistan ethnic groups are not similar to Indian food so much, and overlap more with Afghan and Central Asian cuisines. There are places in Pakistan near to China where the people eat home made flat noodle broth soups with shredded meat and fresh herb garnish like “dodo” in Hunza and Gilgit. Even within Punjab, there are differences. Sikh and Hindu Punjabis eat a lot more paneer and paneer-based dishes are unknown in Pakistan.
While there are similarities to North Indian cuisine due to central asia’s influence on India, South Indian cusine is completely different. Dishe ssuch as : kevar kalli, idli, sambar, vadai, rasam, dosa, thayir sadam (yogurt rice), thayir vadai (yogurt-soaked fritters), kootu (vegetables in wet style), poriyal/kari (vegetables in dry style), murukku,uthappam, idiappam, appalam is unknown to Pakistanis.
Food is not prepared in this manner in all of Pakistan.
A very novel way of serving food on a plantain leaf in India.
Here are just a few list of highly popular regional Indian dishes but completely unknown (unfortunately) to Pakistanis:
,Lapsi,Bafla,Bhutte ki Khees,Thalipeeth,Vada Pao
,Modak,Xacuti,Bibinca,Prawn Balchao
,Bisi Bele Bhat,Kesari Bath,Mysore Pak,Dharwand Pedha
,Chiroti,Sadya Meal,Avial,Malabar Parotha,
,Payasam,,Irachi Stew,,Apparn,,Idli,,Sambar,
,Rasam,,Chettinad,,Pongal,,Appam,,Bafauri,
,Kusli,,Red Ant Chutney
,Kadugu,Yerra,Vendakkai
,Patchaddy,Zu,Chakwi,Mwkwhi,Muitru
,Jadoh,Khiromohan,Rasabali,Chhenapodapitha
,Dham,Dal-Baati_churma,Ker Sangaari
,Lal Maas Gette,Jhangora
,Momos,Gundruk,Maasor Tenga
,Pitha,Thekua,Pua,Marua-ka-Roti
PHYSICAL FEATURES
A common international perception based on observance of physical features is that most Pakistanis are lighter skinned than most Indians. Most Pakistanis resemble the looks of peoples inhabiting on Pakistan’s western borders and beyond i.e. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Turkmenistan. Many Pakistanis also resemble many Northwest Indians or higher caste Indians. However, those are a minority in India. Similarly, some Pakistanis resemble peoples of South India, lower caste Indians, Northeast India, etc. but they are a minority in Pakistan. Majority of Pakistanis have fair skin complexion and majority of Indian have dark complexion. Pakistanis have a Caucasoid skull type.
Map of World by member size
The differences between Pakistanis and Indians are not as prominent as say the Chinese and Nigerians. Nor are the two people as similar as Americans and Canadians. There are cases where a Punjabi from Pakistan may look like a small portion of Punjab partitioned to India just as NWFP and Baluchistan have similarity to Afghanistan and Iran respectively. But a simple comparison of ordinary people in ordinary circumstances makes it blatantly obvious, that these are two different people. The purpose of highlighting these differences is not to suggest that one is better than the other. Rather, the purpose is only to respect our differences. Pakistanis only want to lay claim to their heritage.
Click on thumbnails of ordinary people of Pakistan and India
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SCHOOL CHILDREN
Indian
Pakistani – The difference in complexion and shades of hair is quite obvious.
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FEMALE TROOPS
Indian Female Troops
Pakistani Female Pilots – Once again, complexion and features are visibly different.
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NATIONAL FEMALE SKIERS
Indian
Pakistani – The difference could not be more pronounced in both complexion and feature and similarities to central Asians.
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FEMALE FANS
Indian – Attractive ladies at a cricket match
Pakistani – Once again the female fans above have a classic South Indian, South Asian look whereas the Pakistani girls have features found all over in Pakistan.
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NURSES
Indian
Pakistani nurses. Indian girls above look very much like each other, their counterparts in Pakistan look different.
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WOMEN’S CRICKET TEAMS
Indian
Pakistani – Complexion and hair very much different
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FANS ABROAD
Indian – Even abroad, the difference is quite clear and no jersey or flags are needed to identify the two peoples from each other.
Pakistani
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FEMALE ATHLETES
Indian
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U-19 TEAMS
Indian
Pakistanis – Very obvious difference
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RETIRED CAPTAINS
Indian
Pakistani – the two gentlemen are highly accomplished but look like they are from two different parts of the world (in this case).
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FANS
Indian Fans
Pakistani Fans
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CAPTAINS
Indian Cricket Captain – A very typical Indian face. Compare features of Indian Astronaut below.
Pakistani Captain
*** UNIVERSITY GRADUATES
Indian University Students
Pakistani University Students – These girls look very different from the graduates in India.
*** ASTRONAUTS
Indian Astronaut
Pakistani Astronaut
…
CERN SCIENTIST
Indian CERN Scientist
Pakistani CERN Scientist
Indian Women often have “frizzy” hair. This trait is rare in Pakistani women.
Ordinary punjabi girls with straight hair
Indian Prime Minister
Pakistani Prime Minister – Was on the People’s magazine of Most Beautiful People in the World.
Indian Students
Pakistani-American Students – A striking difference from Indian-Australian Students above. 1 may look similar to the Indian crowd above and 1 from Indian crowd may look like the majority in this picture. Overall the difference is quite obvious.
“India” – a superstate
The British conquered the various kingdoms in the Indian subcontinent one by one. Then, for ease of administering (ruling) the conquered territories, the British set up an administrative unit called India. A country or administrative unit called India (or by any other name), comprising of the current territories of India, never existed in all known history, before the British conquest and consolidation. During the British colonial rule, people of the Indian subcontinent (including those areas now in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Sri Lanka) had a common purpose and agenda, namely, freedom from British colonial rule. Such a one-ness of purpose never before existed among the various peoples of the Indian subcontinent. It brought them together. Finally, in the middle of the 20th century (in the middle 1940s), the weakened-by-WWII British to end their rule over their empire. The oneness of purpose that evolved during the freedom struggle against the British held, with the one exception that most of the Muslim-majority regions in the north became a separate nation called Pakistan at the insistence of the Muslims. Much of the rest of the subcontinent hodgepodge became a country called “India”. ”India is an ancient country! We are Indians!”
Another point of confusion is the fact that what we know as the modern republic of “India” is really territory conquered by central Asians and consolidated by the British empire. 560 principalities, states, nations or cultures were consolidated. The same can be said of Pakistan but it is united by religion (Islam), languages (Indo-Iranic), script (farsi), philosophy (TNT), civilization (Indus), cuisine (Mughalai). Each of Pakistan’s ethnic groups meet each other on the banks of the Indus. India is much more diverse amalgamation of states. India, at a minimum, is a country made of the following countries:
GEO-POLITICAL HISTORY
These are the facts:
“India” was never one country, culture, nation
Pakistani territory (Indus) has rarely been part of Peninsular India
1000 AD
Pakistan territory is part of the Central Asian Ghaznavid Empire & Sindh separate from “India”
India territory is made up of many nations
1100
AfPak is part of Ghaznavid empire & Sindh
Indian territory made up of many nations
1200
AfPak Ghaznavid empire with an army of Pushtun Soldiers, ancestors of modern day Afpak, with its capital located in Lahore, Pakistan, they invade northern India’s Gahadvala Empire
Most of Pakistani Territory is part of Central Asian Ghurid Empire which by this time has conquered Northern India & Sindh
Indian Territory is a series of countries Bengal, Malwa, Chola and Hoysala.
1220
Pakistan consists of Sindh and Delhi Sultante of the Mamluk
Indian Territory is a series of countries Bengal, Malwa, Chola and Hoysala.
1240
Delhi Consulate consolidates Pakistan and continues to make gains in peninsular India and Bangladesh.
Indian Territory is a series of countries Bengal, Malwa, Chola and Hoysala.
Historical Baggage
Pakistanis consider themselves to be the descendants of the Ghauris, Mughals, Durranis, Suris, Lodhis, Ghazni who ruled the modern Indus nation of Pakistan for close to a thousand years. The Pakistani population consists of mostly Indo-Aryans. A significant chunk of the population is Afghan/Pashtun and Irani/Baluchistanis. The Pashtun are an integral part of Pakistan’s establishment. It can be said there are two Pashtun countries in the world, Afghanistan and Pakistan. This ethnic group has contributed many of Pakistan’s presidents & prime ministers (Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zafarullah Khan, Liaqat Ali Khan, Feroz Khan). Their are more Pashtuns in Karachi than Kabul. Hamid Karzai refers to Pakistan and Afghanistan as conjoined twins. The Afghan king once considered a federation between Pakistan and Afghanistan. People of Iranian ancestry have that have taken leadership positions include Benazir Bhutto and the current prime minister Gilani who visited his ancestral homes on a trip to Iran. Arabs settled along the Indus and Omanis settled in the enclave of Gwadar. Still other Pakistanis are descendants of Mongols, Mughals and Turks in addition to Persians, Sakas, Parthians, Hephthalites and Greeks. The great Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Sind. Sher Shah Suri was born in Multan. Ayub Khan emir of Afghanistan and destroyer of Anglo/Indian army is buried in Peshawar a hero to both countries. His grandson fought for Pakistan leading a division in 1965.
These ethnic groups that make up the Indus nation of Pakistan inflicted defeat after defeat on what is northern and peninsular india. Although Pakistanis are proud of ancient civilizations such as the Indus and their South Asian heritage, Pakistanis the people consider Pakistan the state as a natural extension of the Southwest Asian Muslim experience of the last 1000 years.
Indus History distinct from developments in Peninsular Sub-Continent
* 1700 BC – 0600 BC: Start of the Aryan civilization in Sapta Sindhu, Punjab and of Indus culture
* 500 BC: Gandhara Buddhist civilization (500 BC to 500 AD)
* 516 BC: North Pakistan becomes easternmost province of Achaemenid Empire of Persia. Gandharais semi-independent kingdom
* 600 BC: Beginning of historic period under Achaemenians; Sindh & Punjab as provinces of the empire of Darius I of Persia
* 327 BC – 325 BC: Alexander of Macedonia invades Pakistan and captures Taxila
* 300 BC: Mauryan empire, Ashoka promotes Buddhism
* 185 BC: Bactrian Greeks conquer North-West Pakistan
* 75 BC: Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from central Asia
* 20: Parthians conquer Northern Pakistan
* 60: Kushans from central Asia overthrow Parthians
* 3rd Century: Kushans decline and are dominated by Sassanian empire of Persia
* 4th Century: Kidar (little) Kushans come to power
* 450: White Huns (Hephthalites) attacked Gandhara, sacked its cities and burnt down its many monasteries and centres of learning
* 565: Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns
* Late 6th –7th Century: Turki Shahi control area West of Indus, including Gandhara
* 711 – 712: Muhammad bin Qasim conquers Sindh and Southern Punjab
Coastal trade and the presence of a colony in Sindh permitted significant cultural exchange and the introduction of Muslim teachers into the subcontinent. Considerable conversions took place, especially amongst the Buddhist majority.
* 870 – 1026: Hindu Shahi ruled from Multan to Kabul
* 1001: Mahmud Ghazni defeats the Hindu Shahi king Jayapala (A Janjua Rajput) near Peshawar
* 1021: Mahmud Ghazni defeats Tarnochalpal and annexes Punjab
* 1058: Sumra Dynasty (1058–1351) ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over Sindh.
* 1148 – 1206: Ghaurids Period
* 1221: Mongol Genghis Khan invades Punjab
* 1351: Samma Dynasty assumed rule over Sindh
* 1398: Tamerlane plunders Lahore
* 1472: Sher Shah Suri (original name Farid Khan] born in Multan
* 1526 – 1857: Mughal ascendancy (1526–1707), nominal rule by Mughals (1707–1857)
* 1541 – 1543: Sher Shah Suri built the Rohtas Fort
* 1586: Yusufzais defeat Akbar in the Karakar pass
* 1701: Kalhoro Dynasty establishes its rule over Sindh
* 1739: Nadir Shah of Persia invades subcontinent
* 1751-52: Ahmed Shah Abdali annexes Punjab to his kingdom
* 1782: The Baloch tribe of Talpur defeats the last Kalhora ruler Mian Abdul Nabi in the battle of Halani
These diverse ancestral groups of races & religions above are proudly represented by their descendants in modern day Pakistan.
An interesting comment by Dr. Jamil Chaudri
A lot of British were born in India, but that did not make them Indian. Since the time of Mahmood of Ghazna, citizens of what is now the United Islamic Republics (Afghania and Pakia) had lived in the Islamic patrimony of Hind, but that DID NOT make them Hindi! In 1947, most Pakis were indeed Hindi-born; but, really, they never were Hindi by aptitude or inclination or ethnicity.
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Just the same as at the end of British rule, most British (whether born in Hind or otherwise) left for the UK or British Dominions (Australia, South Africa, etc.), in 1947 most Pakis left Hind. Some Hindis seem unable to understand the difference between religion and ethnicity. Hindi-Muslims are still in India; those from the United Islamic Republics left Hind in 1947. We were never Hindi – a strange set of circumstances had spread us across the Gangetic Plains – in 1947, or thereafter, we returned home!! Perhaps, the phrase needs a bit of elaboration. It was the spirit of adventure and romance, an outwards outlook, curiosity, and the zeal of sharing our civilization that spread us over the Gengetic Plain. The Romance lasted for a few hundred years and when zeal waned, our fathers returned to our ancestral ethnic home-land: the United Islamic Republics. You raise two interesting issues. Issue 1: Geographic; and Issue 2: Civilizational. Regarding the Geographic issue, in my writing I mentioned the Gangetic Plain, as the area where Afghan-Paki people sojourned. The Indus River (its source and its tributaries) is an Afghan-Pakistani River. Even ancient geographers recognised the boundary of Hind to be TO THE EAST OF the Indus River SYSTEM. The Indus River System has NOTHING to do with Hind; it only defines Hind as a land on the other side of the Indus System. In Latin, Hind would be defined as a trans-Indus land. The second issue pertains to civilizational differences. In the Afghan-Pakistani (linked with Turkic) anschauung, the Upland Afghans brought a message and a civilization which was well received by the inhabitants of the Afghan Lowlands (Indus River System). The Pakistanis are totally Afghanised. Although I am a Jatt, from Ludihana in Hindi Punjab, in terms of ethnicity I am an Afghan from the top of my head (the Karakul Hat) to the sole of my shoes (the Peshawari sandals). In our anschauung anybody who accepts our WAY OF LIFE becomes US. Whether they came from Greece, or Japan (or from the moon for that matter!) provided they have the inclination and aptitude to be Afghan-Pakistani , that person is no longer a foreigner: He or she is US. The treachery of Albion resulted in some of the Afghan-Pakitani Lands being presently occupied by Hind.
Dress
Pakistanis overwhelmingly wear Shalwar-Qameez. Shalwar is a persian word wrongly pronounced in India as “Salwar”. Qameez is an Arabic word. In India, Saris are much more popular even though the origin of the Sari is date to Pakistan’s Indus civilization. Sari are also not preferred due to the exposed midriff. Pakistani men wear the Peshawari Chappal, sometimes even with jeans. These durable shoes can last for ten years. Lungees are worn in India even by government officials, In Pakistan, Lungis are not worn much. In India, the traditional style of dress for men is the dhoti or lungi. This is a long white sheet of cloth and men will wear a shirt or t-shirt over it. Kurta-pyjama and European and Western influenced trousers and shirts are also becoming more popular among men. The draped sari is generally considered to be one of the most popular forms of traditional Indian dress for women. They can be made out of a range of different fabrics, although silk saris still reign as the most elegant choice. The sari is usually worn over a blouse, by girls and women of all ages
The society and culture of Pakistan (Urdu: ثقافت پاکستان) comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi, and Burusho communities in the north. These Pakistani cultures have been greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries’ cultures, such as the Turkic peoples, Persian, Arab, some parts of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
In ancient times, Pakistan was a major cultural hub. Many cultural practices and great monuments have been inherited from the time of the ancient rulers of the region. One of the greatest cultural influences was that of the Persian Empire, of which Pakistan was a part. In fact, the Pakistani satraps were at one time the richest and most productive of the massive Persian Empire. Other key influences include the Afghan Empire, Mughal Empire and later, the short-lived but influential, the British Empire.
Pakistan has a cultural and ethnic background going back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which existed from 2800–1800 B.C., and was remarkable for its ordered cities, advanced sanitation, excellent roads, and uniquely structured society. Pakistan has been invaded many times in the past, and has been occupied and settled by many different peoples, each of whom have left their imprint on the current inhabitants of the country. Some of the largest groups were the Proto-Indo-Aryans, of which Sindhis and Punjabis descend from and later Iranic peoples which the Baloch and Pashtuns descend from. Other less significant ones include the Greeks, Scythians, Persians, White Huns, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Buddhists, and other Eurasian groups, up to and including the British, who left in the late 1940s.
The region has formed a distinct cultural unit within the main cultural complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to Turkey’s position in Eurasia.[1] There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including Tibet, Nepal, India, and eastern Afghanistan. All groups show varying degrees of influence from Persia, Turkestan and Hellenistic Greece. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to receive the full impact of Islam and has developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further west.[1]
Diwan-e-Khas: the hall of special audience with the emperor
Bahauddin Zakariya
Ancient sites in Pakistan include: Zoroastrian Fire temples, Islamic centres, shi’a shrines/Sufi shrines, Buddhist temples, Sikh, Hindu, and pagan temples and shrines, gardens, tombs, palaces, monuments, and Mughal and Indo-Saracenic buildings. Sculpture is dominated by Greco-Buddhist friezes, and crafts by ceramics, jewellery, silk goods and engraved woodwork and metalwork.
Pakistani society is largely multilingual, multi-ethnic and multicultural. Though cultures within the country differ to some extent, more similarities than differences can be found, as most Pakistanis are mainly of Aryan heritage or have coexisted side by side along the Indus River for several thousand years, or both. However, over 60 years of integration, a distinctive “Pakistani” culture has sprung up, especially in the urban areas where many of the diverse ethnic groups have coexisted and ithe country now having a literacy rate of 55%, up from 3% at the time of independence. Traditional family values are highly respected and considered sacred, although urban families increasingly form nuclear families, owing to socio-economic constraints imposed by the traditional culture of the extended family.
The past few decades have seen emergence of a middle class in cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Quetta, Faisalabad, Sukkur, Peshawar, Sialkot, Abbottabad, and Multan. Rural areas of Pakistan are regarded as more conservative, and are dominated by regional tribal customs dating back hundreds if not thousands of years.
“Pakistan’s culture is again unique like the rest of the country. Pakistan’s geography is the meeting point of South Asia, Central Asia and West Asia/Gulf. Its culture could be termed as a combination of sub continental, Islamic, Regional, English, and more recently global influences. Let us consider them piecemeal. The newly born Pakistan had to have a sub continental leaning, having been a part of for last 5000 years of its civilization. However, the Indus Valley, present day Pakistan, culture was different from the rest of North India or South India”. (Quoted Pakistan’s Identity, History and Culture, from the famous book Gwadar on the Global Chessboard by Nadir Mir)
ISLAMABAD, Nov 15: A number of Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) dissidents are waiting anxiously to see what strategy former foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi adopts after quitting the ruling party.
Sources told Dawn that some PPP leaders had already established contact with cricketer-turned-politician Imran Khan because they expected Mr Qureshi to join the Pakistan Tehrik-i-Insaaf (PTI).
“Yes, I am in contact with Imran Khan and Shah Mehmood Qureshi,” a sidelined PPP legislator said when contacted. He, however, said he would take a final decision after Nov 27, when Mr Qureshi would announce his future course of action during a public meeting in Ghotki.
Sources said that an MNA from Karachi, Nabil Gabol, was among those considering the option to quit the party and join the PTI.
A former member of the PPP Central Executive Committee, Dr Israr Shah, who “exposed the corruption of the ruling party” at a news conference last week, had already had a meeting with Imran Khan, the sources said.
Some private television channels even reported that Mr Gabol had met Imran Khan in Islamabad on Tuesday and discussed the possibility of joining the PTI.
When contacted, however, Mr Gabol denied meeting Mr Khan and said there was no truth in such reports. He said it seemed that some people were intentionally spreading these rumours to achieve their own objectives.
According to the sources, a former PPP senator, Enver Baig, is all set to join the PML-N. Mr Baig who resigned from the party after he was served a show-cause notice by the party leadership for allegedly violating the party discipline by meeting PML-N chief Nawaz Sharif, had been sidelined by President Asif Ali Zardari for openly supporting his friend and party stalwart Makhdoom Amin Fahim when the latter was campaigning to become the prime minister soon after the 2008 elections.
A source close to Mr Baig said the former senator was expected to formally announce his joining the PML-N by the end of this month.
A number of PML-Q and PML-N dissidents, including some former federal ministers, are also negotiating terms with Imran Khan for formally joining his PTI or to have an electoral alliance with it.
The group of the PML-Q dissidents is led by Jahangir Tareen and includes Awais Leghari, Jamal Leghari, Ghulam Sarwar Khan and Ishaq Khakwani.
The writer has a PhD from Stockholm University. He is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University. He is also Honorary Senior Fellow of the Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. He can be reached at billumian@gmail.com
The decline of Muslim power produced an identity crisis. It was compounded by the demand of the rising Hindu middle class that Hindi written in the Devanagari script should replace the Persian script
The origins of the Urdu language is a subject on which not only linguists and political historians cross swords, but even ideologues and Gramsci’s state-intellectuals, representing a supposedly ‘Pakistani’ and an ‘Indian’ point of view, clash incessantly. Considered in the light of this highly contentious and charged academic and intellectual environment, the publication of Distinguished National Professor at Quaid-e-Azam University, Dr Tariq Rehman’s major work, From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2011 (for the India market, Orient BlackSwan, New Delhi) is a very welcome addition. It is a shining example of dispassionate and enlightened scholarship that should go a long way in setting the record straight.
The puzzle the author seeks to solve is the following: from the 13th to the 18th century the name used for the language now called Urdu was mostly Hindi, though other names were also used. When and why did it become Urdu? He gives two explanations: pristine Hindi was not the same language as modern Hindi; languages change over time. The same pristine Hindi, however, was the ancestor of two contemporary languages: modern Urdu and modern Hindi. In this evolution, argues the author, natural change as well as human agency played their part.
With regard to natural change, he asserts that the language spoken in much of northern India at the time of Muslim incursions into the subcontinent was described as Hindi or Hindui by outsiders, especially Muslim scholars. The great poet and sufi, Amir Khusrau (1253-1324, Turkish father, Indian mother) spoke and wrote in a language he called Hindui. It was the same language that many centuries later in the colonial era came to be known as Hindustani. That name was commonly in use before the partition of India to describe the day-to-day language spoken in northern India and in many other parts of the subcontinent.
He rejects the widely held view that Urdu (a Turkish word for a camp or gathering of soldiers) emerged as a new language when men belonging to disparate linguistic nationalities were recruited into Muslim armies and needed a language to communicate. If that were true, Urdu would be a pidgin language, he argues. A pidgin is a reduced language that comes into being from extended contact between groups of people with no common language. Nor is Urdu a creole language. A creole language is an extension of an existing language, which has a core group of native speakers, but becomes considerably simplified as other groups adopt it. He rejects both such descriptions for Urdu, arguing that Urdu has a highly sophisticated structure with distinct grammar and syntax, and that it descends from the Hindu-Muslim cultural synthesis extending over 500 years. During this period, it was used in both the religious and secular literature of Hindus and Muslims. There were of course the Devanagari and Persian scripts in which this common language was written.
With regard to the name Urdu, Rehman offers an alternative explanation. Drawing on a vast body of sources he asserts that a number of other names — Hindvi, Hindi, Dihalvi, Khari Boli, Gujri, Dakhani and Rekhta were used for this common language. However, the Muslim elite of Delhi and Agra began to use a particular vocabulary toward the end of the 18th century, which became its distinctive aristocratic features. It was called ‘Zuban-e-Urdu-e-Mualla’ (the language of the Exalted City, i.e. Delhi). Over time that long name shrank simply to Urdu.
Rehman reviews a number of competing theories about the origin of Urdu. Among them the most important is the view that Urdu is a developed form of Punjabi. Hafiz Mahmud Shirani was the originator of that theory (presented in 1928). He suggested that Urdu first developed in Punjab and was then taken to Delhi by the Muslims. Proof given in support of the theory is the existence of Punjabi words and expressions in Urdu including Dhakni, spoken in southern India. Shirani made such a conclusion without examining the hypothesis that Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Seraiki, Hindko and so on descend from a common ancient language “spread over the huge area from Peshawar to Benares”. Urdu has a capacity to absorb words from other languages, so it should not be surprising to find Punjabi words in it — this is all the more possible because both stem from the same ancient root.
How did, then, Urdu come to be known as the language of Muslims and of Islam? This is the core element or the most intriguing aspect of the puzzle the author seeks to solve.
He traces the roots of such transformation to the vicissitudes attendant upon the politics and social order that evolved with the rise of British power in the subcontinent. The decline of Muslim power produced an identity crisis. It was compounded by the demand of the rising Hindu middle class that Hindi written in the Devanagari script should replace the Persian script. Hitherto government documents were written in the Persian script and the Muslim minority as well as the Kaesth caste of Hindu scribes who wrote in it enjoyed a monopoly of government jobs in the United Provinces (UP). Under the British a switchover to Hindi-Urdu or Hindustani took place. The script used was the Persian. The rising Hindu middle class of UP demanded that it should be written in the Devanagari script and they called it Hindi. Further complications followed when religious revivals among Hindus and Muslims began to be expressed in different scripts. Such divisive tendencies were aggravated further when the Congress-Muslim League contest over India’s future set the terms for intellectual and political debate.
The ‘Islamisation of Urdu’ became part of the separatist agenda of the Muslim League, and after Pakistan came into being such an agenda found spokespersons among Punjabi-origin scholars such as Fateh Mohammad Malik who advocated that Punjabi was merely a primitive type of Urdu, and therefore Urdu should be the national language of Pakistan and Punjab. In India, Hindi purists and Hindu nationalists resorted to similar arguments with a view to denying Urdu the status of an indigenous language of India.
Notwithstanding such politicisation of the origins of Urdu, the author draws attention to the fact that Hindustani (common name for both Hindi and Urdu) continues to be the language of the people on both sides of the border, and this is particularly noteworthy in Bollywood where Hindi used in the films is actually Hindustani. There is no doubt that he provides most compelling evidence in his book to establish his thesis. It is bound to become a standard reference on this subject.
Ripped off from Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s ‘Mera piya ghar’.
Mera piya ghar aaya [Film: Yaarana]
Ditto from Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s song ‘loye loye’
Loye loye [Film: Yaaraana]
From Mehdi Hassan’s ghazal Rafta rafta!
Dheere dheera aap mere [Film: Baazi]
02. Ga raha hoon – Lifted off Mehdi Hasan’s ‘Na koi gila’
Film: Dil ka kya kasoor (1992)
the Pakistani track ‘Menu tere naal’, by Najam Sheraz.
Bheegey Hont Tere [Film: Murder (2004)]
Mehdi Hassan’s classic ghazal with the same lyrics.
Mohobbat Zindagi Hai [Film: Nazar (2005)]
Listen to Agar tum mil jao (Zeher) | Agar tum mil jao (Tasavvur Khanum)
Even though the audio company credits Anu Malik for ‘re-creating’ the songs in this movie (Roop Kumar Rathod credited as the ‘composer’), I refuse to buy this crap from the Bhatt camp. Going by Anu Malik’s dubious past, this could be a ploy to get away with plagiarism.
Listen to Woh lamhey (Zeher) | Woh lamhey (Jal)
Lifted ditto from Pakistani singer Tasavvur Khanum’s song ‘Tu meri zindagi hai’
Tu meri zindagi hai [Film: Aashiqui]
Pakistani singer Mussarat Nazir’s ‘Mujhe dekh ke biin bajaaye’
Maine pyaar tumhise kiya hai [Film: Phool aur kaante]
Hadiqa Kiyani’s Pakistani number ‘Boohey Barian’!
Dil laga liya [Film: Dil Tumhara Hai]
Simon and Garfunkel’s ‘Sounds of Silence’ (1965) and composer M.Ashraf’s Pakistani film song, ‘Aankhen ghazal hai’ from the 1978 film, ‘Saheli’.
Pal do pal ki zindagi and Chehra kamal hai [Film: Maine Jeena Seekh Liya (1982)]
the Pakistani song, ‘Karan mein nazara’ from the 1999 movie Churiyan, music by Zulfiqar Ali.
Aap humse pyaar [Film: Indian Babu (2002)]
Straight Pakistani singer Khalil Haider’s hit track from the 90s, ‘Naye Kapray Badal Kar’
Aayega Mazaa Ab Barsaat Ka [Film: Andaaz (2003)]
Suraiyya Multanikar’s ‘Barre bemurawwat’ in the 1966 film, Badnaam with music by Deebo.
Mohobbat se ziada [Film: Gumnaam (2004)]
Lifted off by Noor Jehan’s ‘Hamari saanson’ from the 1972 Pakistani film, ‘Mere Hazoor’ with music by M Ashraf.
Tumhari nazron [Film: Kal ki awaaz (1992)]
Significantly inspired by the Pakistani track, ‘Bas ek tere siva’ composed by Robin Ghosh, for the film, ‘Dooriyan’ (1984)
Jaane jigar jaan-e-mann [Film: Aashiqui (1990)]
Lifted directly from the Pakistani song, ‘Bahut khoobsurat hai mera sanam’, composed by M Ashraf and sung by Mehdi Hassan, for the Pakistani film, ‘Aabshar’ (1978).
Bahut pyaar karte hain [Film: Saajan (1991)]
Inspired by Naheed Akhtar’s Pakistani song, ‘Yeh ranginiye nau bahar’.
Mujko milgaya [Film: Jeena sirf mere liye (2002)]
Based entirely on Noor Jehan’s Punjabi-Pakistani song, Tere bin pal vi.
Tere bina ik pal (Aa ab laut chale, 1999)
Lifted off composer M.Ashraf’s 1975 song, Chahe duniya ho khafa, from the Pakistani film, Noukar.
O rabba (Zamana Deewana, 1995)
Listen to O rabba | Chahe duniya ho khafa
The singers were Mehdi Hassan, Naheed Akhtar.
Lyrics and tune copied exactly from the 1975 M.Ashraf composed track, Pyasa Kunwen kay paas.
Pyasa kuen ke paas (Dil Tera Aashiq, 1993)
The song was in the Pakistani film, Mera naam hai mohabbat and was sung by Mehdi Hassan.
Lyrics and tune lifted blatantly from a similarly titled song composed by M.Ashraf for the 1974 Pakistani film, Parda na uthao.
Itna bhi na chaho (Sambandh, 1996)
The original’s singer was Nayyara Noor.
Culture Club’s Karma Chameleon (1983).
Coming Coming (Rang, 1993)
the Pakistani film, ‘Basera’ – the song, ‘Nahi kuch pata’ sung by Nahid Akhtar, with music by M. Ashraf.
Mujhe kya pata (Bekhudi, 1992)
, ‘Dil mein toofan chupaaye baitha hoon’ from the 1975 Pakistani film, Naiki Baddi
Kitni Chaahat Chupaaye (Himmatvar, 1996)
Lifted ditto from Pakistani singer Akhlaq Ahmed’s ‘Sona na chaandi’
Choti si duniya [Film: Ek ladka ek ladki (1992)]
Direct Pakistani singer Hassan Jehangir’s song of the same name.
Shava yeh nakhra [Film: Suhaag (1994)]
Inspired by the Pakistani number by Aamir Saleem ‘Tere in adhuri hain’.
Ek ladki deewani si [Kyun ki main jhoot nahi bolta]
the Pakistani pop band Vital Signs’ ‘Saawnli saloni’!
Saawnli saloni [Hum sab chor hain]
Significantly inspired by the Pakistani track, ‘Bas ek tere siva’ composed by Robin Ghosh, for the film, ‘Dooriyan’ (1984)
Duniya mein tere siva [Aandhiyaan (1990)]
The original was sung by Akhlaq Ahmed and Mehnaz. Also see the same original’s other, much more popular Indian version – in the Nadeem Shravan page, listing no. 39.
Inspired by the Pakistani song, ‘Asan hun tur jaan aaye’ by Aalam Lohar.
Likhne waale [Film: Arpan (1983)]
Inspired by the Pakistani singer Reshma’s folk song, Akhiyan nu.
Akhiyan ko rehne de [Film: Bobby (1973)]
the Pashtun track, ‘Larsha Pekhawar Ta’ and Ghulam Ali’s Punjabi ghazal, ‘Baija mere kaul’, respectively.
Ek haseena ki & Baith mere paas [Film: Yaadon ki kasam (1985)]
Direct Pakistani singer Ali Zafar’s ‘Channo ki aankhen’ from his 2003 album ‘Huqa Pani’ and Egyptian singer Ihab (Ehab) Tawfik’s ‘Allah alek ya siedi’ from his 2002 album, Homa Kelmeten, respectively.
Chhoren ki baatein and Joshilay jawan ho [Fight Club (2006)]
Ali Zafar’s Rangeen (from the same album) has been lifted by Himesh in Aashiq Banaya Aapne! Fight Club’s CD does credit Ali Zafar for the source track. So, Pritam gets away scot-free this time!
Joshilay jawan | Allah alek ya siedi
The first one Pakistani singer Waris Baig’s 2004 track, ‘Challa’ while the second is a Yuri Mrakadi’s 2001 track, ‘Arabiyon Ana’.
Akhiyaan Na Maar, Jal Jal Ke [Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (2005)]
Pritam has been given ‘recreating’ credit for this song, so he gets to face the music for this lift, perhaps along with the Bhatts!
Tu jo nahin [Woh Lamhe (2006)]
03. ‘Gum sum hai dil mera’, uses a lot from the Thai song, ‘Oh la nor…my love’ by Bird Thongchai for the main chorus, but also uses Rahat Fateh Ali Khan’s ‘Sun yaara’ for the main ‘Gumsum…’ portion.
Kya Love Story Hai (2007)
For ‘In dino’, The line, ‘Hai tujhe bhi ijazat, karle tu bhi mohobbat’ seems exactly like a line from Pakistani singer Waqar Ali’s (brother of another famous Pakistani singer, Sajjad Ali) beautiful song, ‘Mera naam hai mohobbat’ (album by the same name, released in 2001) – the line, ‘Do dilon ki ijazat, mera naam hai mohobbat’! Considering the similarity with the use of the words ‘Ijazat’ and ‘Mohobbat’, this interview with Pritam seems significant in nailing the culprit! Pritam says, “Anurag (Basu, Director of Metro) was humming something like ‘ijazat’ and ‘mohabbat’ and said that he wanted a song with those words. Just for fun (sic) sake I made the ‘mukhda’ and ‘antara’ and Anurag liked it…..!”. So, was Anurag humming Waqar’s song?
It does involve a lot of alterations by Pritam. But the original shows itself at various points that you can’t help but be amazed at Pritam’s blatant inventiveness. This was a knockout of a track by Zubin Garg in the 2006 Pyar ke side effects. Its partly knockout since its based on Pakistani singer Hadiqa Kiyani’s Mahi, from her 2003 album, Rung. But, quite a good piece of improvisation by Pritam.
The song is credited as ‘Based on traditional folk melody’. The point…yes, there are definite shades of the folk melody made popular by a lot of Pakistani and Punjabi singers (the first 4 lines at least), but, the main hook, ‘Tana na tana na’ is what differentiates this one from the regular folk renditions. And that…is directly from Babbal Rai’s drunk, informal version. It’s a shame that big guys like Pritam and Babbu Mann refuse to accept that and merely credit it to a folk song.
Originally composed by Kemal Ahamad, for the 1983 Pakistani movie ‘Dehleez’ and sung by Mehdi Hassan.
Aaj tu gair sahi [Film: Oonche Log (1985)]
Blatant, direct the Pakistani track ‘Kabhi khwaishon ne’ from the 1982 film, Mehrbani, sung by Akhlaq Ahmad and composed by M Ashraf.
Kabhi bekasi ne [Film: Alag Alag (1985)]
09. Apna Banana Hai: the Pakistani song, ‘Karan mein nazara’ from the 1999 movie Churiyan, music by Zulfiqar Ali. Also listen to Nadeem Shravan’s inspiration of the same original in the movie Indian Babu – Nadeem Shravan page, 22nd listing.
Film: Rishthey (2002)
Pakistani Mini-SeriesDhoop Kinaaray
Blantantly Copied:”Kuch Toh Log Kahenge”
Composer: Nikhil Vinay
Lifted straight from ‘Boohey Barian’ by Pakistani singer Hadiqa Kiyani!
Title song [Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]
Ditto and shocking! Check Nadeem Shravan’s lift of the same original – Hindi – NS page, listing no. 20!
Direct lift of Pakistani Band, Vital Signs’ ‘Woh kaun thi’.
Woh kaun thi [Album by Jojo]
Pakistani pop singer Abrar Ul Haq’s ‘Billo de ghar’
Kammo…Mera dil le gayee [Ziddi (1997)]
DIRECT lift of the track by the same wordings, from the Pakistani film, ‘Ghar kab aao ge’ (2000)
Dil Ke Badle [Zameer (2003)]
Inspired by the Pakistani singer Reshma’s folk song, Chori chori!
Yara sili sili – Lekin (1991)
Completely lifted off Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s ‘Maar gai udeek din’.
Ramji O Ramji – Itihaas (1997)
Listen to Aisa lashkara | Nos Couleurs
The original, sung (and lyrics) by Pakistani singer Omar Inayat is nothing but a mildly rehashed version of Omar’s own composition from his 2006 debut album, Be The One. The original was titled, ‘You’ve got something’. Now, the CD sleeve of Jai Veeru credits just one composer, Bappa Lahiri and merely credits Omar Inayat for the vocals and lyrics of ‘Tennu le’. That, my friends, is THE problem. This is not Bappa’s composition – he’s merely remixed it – and I’m not entirely sure what Omar gave T-Series/ Jai Veeru’s producers to be part of this soundtrack, with no composing credits – his soul? Funnily enough, there is an actual remix of this track, which lists DJ Akhil Talreja as the remixer! So, how is this different from Bappa’s remix? This is plain terrible – here’s a talented Pakistani composer/ singer who is a fairly successful in his home country and he goes on to sell his composition to an Indian record label just like that?
Listen to Tennu le | You’ve got something
Dilrubaon ke jalwe & Tu jo jaan le – Dulha Mil Gaya (2009)
Dilrubaon ke jalwe is a Pakistani singer Fakhr-e-alam’s song, ‘Husn waalon se poocho’, while Tu jo jaan le is lifted off Malaysian pop singer Jay Jay’s ‘Cukuplah Sekali’.
Composer: Lalit Pandit
the Pakistani song, Chand Key Na Kar Sinay Wal.
Title song – Marte Dam Tak (1987)
Chhodenge na hum:
Composer: Ravindra Jain
Chand Key Na Kar:
The 1987 Govinda, Rajkumar, Farha starrer, Marte Dam Tak was what legendary potboilers were made of. It strangely had music by a relatively milder man – Ravindra Jain. While the soundtrack had rare gems like ‘Dheere dheere kholungi main’, sung by Alisha Chinai and…brace yourself…Shakti Kapoor, the title song by Mohd Aziz and Anuradha Paudwal is quite famous. Unfortunately, Ravindra Jain seems to have sought a lot from a Pakistani (Seraiki, to be geographically right!) singer Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi’s original track titled, ‘Chand Key Na Kar Sinay Wal’. The original’s year is known given how prolific Attaullah Khan was. The lift is direct and even Mohd Aziz seems to have made some effort to sound like the Pakistani singer!
Looks like even the local, Bhojpuri version I referred to earlier seems to have been flicked off this Pakistani original, at least going by the release dates. The Bhojpuri number came out in 1998, while the Pakistani film in which the original is featured, Mr. Charlie, came out in 1992. The news is now out in Mumbai Mirror today, but what it fails to inform is the composers of the original track. The song was not composed by Pakistani comedian Umer Sharif himself – it was merely picturised on him since he’s the film’s hero. The song’s composers were Kamal Ahmed and M Arshad, while Umer wrote the lyrics.
Woh lamhe and Agar tum mil jao [Film: Zeher (2005)]
Nadeem Shravan have lifted a song already lifted very recently by Nikhil VInay for the title song of Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam. Sick! Check Hindi – Others page, listing no. 28!
Also listen to Sanjeev Darshan’s version of the same original in Rishthey! Sanjeev Darshan page, 9th listing!
Sigh! Also listen to Bappi Lahiri’s earlier lift of the same original – Bappi Lahiri page – No. 5.
Nadeem Shravan were the chosen ones to compose music for the acting debut of Kajol, in 1992 – the film, Bekhudi. One of the songs from the film, ‘Mujhe kya pata tera ghar hai kahan’ seems to be a replica of a Pakistani song, ‘Nahi kuch pata’. Even the lyrics are exactly similar, in meaning and the choice of words! The original was from the film, ‘Basera’ (1984) and was sung by Nahid Akhtar. The music composer was someone Nadeem and Shravan by now owe a large chunk of their careers to….M.Ashraf. I really hope and wish M.Ashraf’s estate/ family is reading this and other instances listed in ItwoFS and take suitable action against the composing duo for all the memorable hits they’ve lifted from this amazing Pakistani composer – Bahut naainsaafi hai ye, bahut naaeinsaafi!
